Goa, renowned for its vibrant festivals, weddings, and social gatherings, is a state that embodies the spirit of celebration and hospitality. However, within this joyous ambience lies a concerning issue: binge drinking.
This practice, deeply entrenched in Goan social customs, poses significant health and safety risks, contributing to the broader problem of substance abuse in the region.
The alarming rise in drunken driving cases in Goa, with a 300% increase in the first five months of 2024 compared to the same period last year, highlights the urgent need to address this issue.
Moreover, the fourfold increase in drunken driving incidents as police intensify their enforcement efforts, the booking of 237 motorists for drunken driving in Margao until May and the dismissal of seven drunk drivers by the KTC in the last six months, further underscores the severity of the situation. Understanding the dangers of binge drinking and adopting measures to reduce its prevalence is crucial for fostering a healthier community.
The culture of binge drinking
Binge drinking is defined as consuming a large quantity of alcohol in a short period—typically five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women within about two hours.
In Goa, this habit is widespread, often seen during festive occasions and social gatherings. The cultural acceptance of alcohol as an integral part of celebrations, such as weddings and festivals, often pressures individuals to drink excessively to fit in with social norms.
This practice leads to immediate intoxication, causing impaired judgment, unsteadiness, and disorientation.
Health risks
The health risks associated with binge drinking are profound and multifaceted. Short-term effects include severe nausea, dehydration, and headaches, which can lead to more severe outcomes such as alcohol poisoning. Chronic binge drinking increases the risk of long-term health issues, including liver damage, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular problems.
The frequent heavy consumption of alcohol also has detrimental effects on mental health, exacerbating conditions like anxiety and depression.
The interplay between physical and mental health problems creates a vicious cycle, making it difficult for individuals to break free from the habit.
Impact on judgment and coordination
Binge drinking significantly impairs judgment and coordination, resulting in dangerous and sometimes fatal consequences. When individuals are under the influence, their ability to make rational decisions is compromised, leading to risky behaviour such as driving while intoxicated. This not only endangers the drinker but also poses a threat to the safety of others. The recent surge in drunken driving cases in Goa underscores this danger, with a startling 300% increase in the first five months of 2024 compared to the same period last year. Additionally, the fourfold increase in incidents as law enforcement doubles down on drunken driving highlights the need for stricter measures and community awareness .
Social and legal consequences
The social and legal ramifications of binge drinking are substantial. Excessive alcohol consumption often leads to aggressive behaviour, altercations, and public disturbances, resulting in legal troubles and strained relationships. The societal acceptance of binge drinking during celebrations can create an environment where such behaviour is normalized, making it difficult to address the issue effectively.
The legal consequences, including fines, arrests, and criminal records, can have long-term impact on individuals’ lives, affecting their careers and personal relationships. The increase in drunken driving cases is a stark reminder of the social and legal costs associated with binge drinking.
Goa-specific findings on alcohol use
The National Survey on Extent and Pattern of Substance Use in India highlights that Goa has one of the highest prevalence of alcohol use in the country, with 28% of its population consuming alcohol.
This high prevalence includes harmful patterns such as heavy episodic drinking and significant rates of alcohol dependence, with 2.7% of the population affected. Alarmingly, underage drinking is also prevalent, with alcohol use seen even among children aged 10-17 years. Around 18.5% of current alcohol users in Goa consume alcohol in a dependent manner, necessitating targeted intervention and treatment programs. Spirits and beer are the most consumed alcoholic beverages in the State
These findings underscore the critical need for more de-addiction facilities in Goa to provide comprehensive care for those affected by alcohol dependence. Additionally, targeted educational campaigns focusing on the risks associated with heavy drinking can help mitigate the problem.
Overcoming the binge drinking culture
Addressing the issue of binge drinking in Goa requires a multifaceted approach that involves education, community engagement, support systems and policy implementation.
1. Education and Awareness: Public awareness campaigns are crucial in educating the community about the dangers of binge drinking. Schools, colleges, and community centers can serve as platforms for disseminating information on the health risks and social consequences associated with excessive alcohol consumption. By promoting responsible drinking habits and highlighting the benefits of moderation, we can encourage individuals to make healthier choices.
2.Community Engagement: Community leaders, influencers, and organisations play a pivotal role in changing social norms. Hosting alcohol-free events, providing alternative activities, and encouraging moderate drinking can help shift the cultural acceptance of binge drinking. Creating supportive environments where individuals do not feel pressured to drink excessively is essential in fostering a culture of responsible drinking.
3. Support Systems: Providing accessible support systems for individuals struggling with alcohol abuse is vital. This includes counselling services, support groups, and rehabilitation programs tailored to the needs of the community. By offering resources and support, we can help individuals overcome their dependence on alcohol and develop healthier coping mechanisms. Goa also needs more de-addiction facilities to address the growing issue of alcohol dependence and provide comprehensive care for those affected.
4. Policy Implementation: Stricter enforcement of existing alcohol regulations and the introduction of new policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption during public events can help mitigate binge drinking. Implementing measures such as limiting the availability of alcohol, increasing the legal drinking age, and enforcing penalties for public intoxication can create a safer environment and discourage excessive drinking.
5. Employee Assistance Programs: Employers can play a critical role by implementing Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) in workplace settings. These programmes can provide support for employees dealing with alcohol-related issues, offering counselling, referrals, and educational resources. By creating a supportive work environment, employers can help reduce the prevalence of binge drinking and promote overall well-being.
Conclusion
Binge drinking, often perceived as a harmless part of celebration in Goa, carries significant health, social, and legal risks. The recent surge in drunken driving cases is a stark reminder of the dangers associated with this practice. Understanding these impacts and promoting awareness is the first step toward mitigating the harmful effects of excessive alcohol consumption. By embracing a culture of moderation and support, we can improve individual health and strengthen the social fabric of our vibrant Goan community. Let us celebrate responsibly and ensure that our traditions do not come at the cost of our well-being.
(Peter F Borges is an Assistant Professor of Social Work at the D D Kosambi School of Social Sciences and Behavioural Studies)